Understanding Skin Cancer

Skin cancer occurs when skin cells are damaged, usually by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The three main types of skin cancer are:

  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form, which usually appears as a small, shiny bump or nodule on the skin, particularly in sun-exposed areas.
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Often appears as a scaly patch or sore that may crust or bleed. It is more likely than BCC to spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.
  3. Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer, which can develop in an existing mole or appear as a new dark spot on the skin. Early detection is crucial, as melanoma can spread rapidly.

Diagnosis of Skin Cancer

Early diagnosis significantly enhances treatment success rates. Regular skin checks are vital for early detection, and individuals are encouraged to perform self-examinations monthly. Key signs to watch for include changes in size, shape, or color of moles or spots, as well as new growths or sores that do not heal.

Healthcare professionals use various methods to diagnose skin cancer, including:

  • Visual Examination: A thorough inspection of the skin by a general practitioner (GP) or dermatologist.
  • Dermatoscopy: A non-invasive technique using a dermatoscope to examine skin lesions more closely.
  • Biopsy: If a suspicious lesion is identified, a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis. This involves removing a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.

Treatment Options

Once diagnosed, the treatment plan depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include:

  • Surgical Excision: The cancerous tissue and a margin of healthy skin around it are removed surgically.
  • Mohs Surgery: A precise surgical technique used mainly for BCC and SCC, which involves removing cancerous tissue layer by layer and examining each layer microscopically until no abnormal cells remain.
  • Cryotherapy: Involves freezing the cancer cells with liquid nitrogen, often used for superficial skin cancers.
  • Topical Treatments: Creams or ointments applied directly to the skin, usually for early-stage or superficial skin cancers.
  • Radiation Therapy: Used when surgery is not possible, especially for cancers in difficult-to-treat areas.
  • Chemotherapy: Rarely used for skin cancer, except in cases where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Preventive Measures

Prevention is the best defense against skin cancer. Australians are advised to:

  • Seek Shade: Especially during peak UV radiation times between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
  • Wear Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses can shield the skin from UV rays.
  • Apply Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, and reapply every two hours, or more often if swimming or sweating.
  • Avoid Tanning Beds: These emit UV radiation and can increase the risk of skin cancer.

With proactive measures and early intervention, skin cancer is highly treatable. Regular skin checks, both self-examinations and professional assessments, are crucial in catching cancer early.

By staying vigilant and protecting oneself from excessive sun exposure, Australians can significantly reduce their risk of skin cancer. For those diagnosed, advancements in treatment offer hope and improved outcomes. If you notice any changes in your skin, seek professional advice promptly to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Dr. Predrag Urosevic and his team are committed to providing comprehensive care for patients with skin cancer, emphasizing early detection and a personalized approach to treatment. If you have concerns about your skin health, contact our clinic to schedule a consultation.